ABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health problem accompanies with several complications. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation on the glycemic status and lipid profile in patients with T2DM. The patients with T2DM (n = 52) were randomly allocated into 2 groups. One group received 400 μg CrPic per day and the other group took placebo; the intervention duration was 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices and metabolic factors were measured at the beginning, and at end of the study. The patients were recommended not to change their normal diet, life style and medication. No significant changes were observed for weight, body mass index, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in both groups; while intra-groups changes in homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value was significant (p < 0.05). Results of analysis of covariance showed that there were significance differences between groups in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and HOMA-IR at the end of the intervention adjusting for baseline levels (p = 0.035, 0.030 and < 0.001, respectively). In this study, oral supplementation with 400 μg CrPic for eight weeks did not alter FBG concentration as well as anthropometric parameters in individuals with T2DM. However, the modest beneficial effects of chromium supplementation on insulin resistance as indicated by HOMA-IR and lipid profile were found.
ABSTRACT
Tocotrienols [T3] were neglected in the past; today, get attentions due to their antioxidant and none-antioxidant activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the daily intake of 200 mg T3 added in canola oil over 8 weeks on microalbuminuria, inflammation, and nitrosative stress in type 2 diabetic patients. This study was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. A total of 50 patients with T2DM and FBS >126 mg/dl treated by non-insulin hypoglycemic drugs were randomly assigned to receive either 15 ml T3-enriched canola oil [200 mg/day T3] or pure canola oil for 8 weeks. Urine microalbumin, volume and creatinine levels, serum hs-CRP, and nitric oxide [NO] levels were measured before and after intervention. From 50 patients participated in this study, 44 completed the study. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, dietary intake, and physical activity between groups. Urine microalbumin and serum hs-CRP were declined significantly in T3-treated group. At the end of the study, patients who treated with T3 had lower urine microalbumin [11 [9, 25] vs. 22 [15, 39.75] nmol/dl, P = 0.003] and hs CRP changes [-10.91 +/- 15.5 vs. -9.88 +/- 27.5 Pg/ml, P = 0.048] than control group. A non-significant decrease was also observed in serum NO level in T3-treated group with no changes in urine volume and creatinine levels. These findings indicate that T3 leads to ameliorate proteinuria and can protect the kidney against inflammation [hs-CRP] and nitrosative stress [NO]
ABSTRACT
Considering the increased production of free radicals and inflammatory factors in rheumatoid arthritis [RA] and the effects of bioflavonoid quercetin on reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and blood pressure, the present study examined the effects of bioflavonoid quercetin on total antioxidant capacity [TAC] of plasma, lipid peroxidation and blood pressure in women with RA. The current study was a randomized double-blind clinical trial in which 51 women with RA aged 19-70 years, were participated. Patients were assigned into quercetin [500 mg/day] or placebo groups for 8 weeks. Dietary intake was recorded using 24-h dietary recall questionnaire and the physical activity was assessed through an international short questionnaire of physical activity at the beginning and end of the study. Plasma TAC and malondialdehyde [MDA] using colorimetric method, oxidized low density lipoprotein [ox-LDL] and high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and also blood pressure were measured at the beginning and end of intervention. After 8 weeks there were no significant differences in TAC of plasma, ox-LDL, MDA, hs-CRP, systolic and diastolic blood pressure between quercetin and placebo groups and in each group comparing before and after. In this study, quercetin had no effect on oxidative and inflammatory status of plasma and blood pressure in patients with RA. Further studies are needed to ensure the effect of quercetin on oxidative stress and inflammation in human
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , C-Reactive Protein , Blood Pressure , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Antioxidants , Lipid Peroxidation , Double-Blind MethodABSTRACT
Sepsis is one of the major causes of death in intensive care units. Oxidative stress and hyper-inflammation has been shown to be major cause of mortality and morbidity in septic cases. Pomegranate is a fruit considered for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a standard pomegranate fruit liquid extract[POMx], on mortality and peritoneal bacterial load in cecal ligation and perforation [CLP] sepsis model. Male wistar rats were divided into four groups of 24 each: sham; CLP; prevention [consumed POMx [250 mg of polyphenols/kg/day] for 4 weeks before CLP]; treatment [received a single drink of POMx [250 mg of polyphenols/kg] after CLP]. Each group was divided into three subgroups, each containing eight animals, for bacterial load and survival [with and without antibiotics] studies. Sepsis was induced by CLP surgery. Ten day survival rate was recorded. Peritoneal bacterial load was also assessed. Data were analyzed using Log-rank and Kruskal-Wallis tests. There was no significant difference in survival rate of CLP, prevention and treatment groups, in subgroups without antibiotics. However, in subgroups with antibiotics, the prevention group had significantly lower survival rate than sham group [P 0.05]. Conversely, the bacterial load of prevention and treatment groups were significantly higher than sham group [P< 0.01]. Our study demonstrates for the first time that pomegranate extract could increase mortality rate via increasing peritoneal cavity bacterial load, in CLP sepsis model. More studies to assess mechanisms of this effect are warranted
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to identify the dietary patterns among workers of Oil Terminals Company and to assess their association with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. The sample size [392] was estimated by considering minimum correlation [r=0.2] between variables. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of workers selected by a stratified random-sampling method [all offices of the company]. The head of company provided a list of workers, and the proportion of each center was specified via ni=ki/N × n [ni=number of participants from each center, ki=number of each center workers, N=number company workers, n= sample size [392]].Dietary pattern was identified by valid food frequency questionnaire containing 168 food items with specific serving size consumed by Iranians. Major dietary patterns analyzed by factor analysis. General characteristics across tertiles were compared by ANOVA and chi-square tests were used where appropriate. In addition, we used multivariate logestic regression tests to assess the relationship between demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle variables and the adherence to the dietary patterns. Two major dietary patterns were extracted: "Healthy pattern" characterized by high consumption of fruits, fish, yellow vegetables, potato, garlic, whole cereals, yogurt drink, and salt. The second one named "unhealthy pattern" characterized by high consumption of soft drinks, sugar, mayonnaise, sweets, eggs, butter, and processed meat, high- fat dairy products, organ meat, French fries, refined cereals, snacks and artificial juice. Work hours were positively correlated [b=0.14; p<0.01] and being single [b=-0.4, p<0.05] and full time work in comparison with part-time work [b=-0.5, p<0.01] was negatively correlated with healthy dietary pattern, whereas age [b=-0.3, p<0.05], dieting [b=-0.4, p<0.01] and history of hyperlipidemia had negative correlation [b=-0.41, p<0.01] with unhealthy dietary pattern. Our findings show the association between socio-demographic, lifestyle factors and dietary patterns of the workers
ABSTRACT
N 3 Fatty acids reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that they may reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and fat mass in patients with type 2 diabetes, but the results are inconclusive, due, in part, to type of omega 3 fatty acids used. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pure eicosapentaenoic [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acids [DHA], the two major omega 3 fatty acids, on inflammation, oxidative stress, and fat mass in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sixty patients with DM II were randomly allocated to receive daily either tilde1 gr EPA or tilde1 gr DHA, or a canola oil as placebo for 12 weeks in a randomized triple blind, placebo controlled trial. Serum MDA, CRP, body weight, BMI, and fat mass were measured at baseline and after intervention. Forty five patients with a mean [ +/- SD] age of 54.9 +/- 8.2 years with BMI of 27.6 +/- 4.1 kg/m[2] and fasting blood glucose 96.0 +/- 16.2 mg/dl completed the intervention. Neither EPA nor DHA had significant effects on serum FBS, C reactive protein, body weight, BMI, and fat mass after intervention [P > 0.05]. In addition, while MDA increased 18% in the placebo group [P = 0.009], it did not change in the EPA or DHA group [P > 0.05]. Twelve weeks of supplementation with 1gr/d EPA or DHA prevent increasing oxidative stress without changing marker of inflammation. This study is the first report demonstrating that neither EPA nor DHA have effects on body fat mass in type 2 diabetic patients
ABSTRACT
Diabetes is associated with increased inflammatory biomarkers and decreased paraoxonase-1 activity and total antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hazelnut on hs-CRP, total antioxidant capacity and paraoxonase-1 activity in type 2 diabetes. In an 8-week randomized clinical trial, 50 patients were assigned to either the control or intervention groups. Hazelnuts replaced 10% of total daily calorie intake in the intervention group. Blood samples were obtained at the start and at the end of week 8. Dietary data were obtained using 24-dietary recall and were analyzed by Nutritionist IV software. All data were analyzed by SPSS version 15. Compared with baseline, total antioxidant capacity decreased in both groups, but at the end of the study, there were no statistical differences between two groups. Also, no differences were observed in Fasting blood sugar [FBS], paraoxonase-1 activity and hs-CRP levels. Hazelnuts consumption had no effect on FBS, hs-CRP, total antioxidant capacity and paraoxonase-1 activity in type 2 diabetic patients